Ǹ ΰ, װ λ ǰ ִ ̴.
å ڴ ϰ ϴ ڿ ִ Ͱ ְ λ ʰ, ϰ ϴ Ը ƿ´ٴ ش. ģ ʹ ־ ʿ ˷ְ ǰ ִ ΰ ᱹ ϰ װ ̶ Ѵ. Ǹ ΰ ΰ ּ Ư¡̸, ΰ ̰, ó ö 質 Ѵٰ Ѵ.
å 2007 Ⱓ 3040 ε Դϴ.
(Samuel Smiles, 1812~1904)
۰, ġ, θƮ, ǻ, . 1812 12 23 11 峲 Ʋ صϿ ¾. ǻ ιƮ ν ߽ ٰ 1829, ϱ б кο . ִ ȸ ϰ Ǿ, ü Ŭ ũδŬ(Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle) ȸ ۵ ϰ ȴ. 1832 Ǵ븦 صϿ , ε Ƿ Ȱ ߴ.
1837 Ÿ(Leeds Times) ȸ 縦 ϱ ߰, ؿ Ÿ ȴ. ǻ縦 ϰ ġ ϱ Ѵ. Ÿ Ҹ ǥ߰, 뵿ڵ ڵ ϱ ߴ. 1840, ű, ǥ ǥ, ȸ 3 ӱ, ű, ڿ Ǽű 5 ϴ ȸ 繫 Ǿ ū ߴ. ƼƮ (Chartism) Ǹϰ ȴ. 忡 , Ϸ 븶 ϰ ۰Ž ڳ Ŀ ̴. "ܼ ġ δ ó ȸ ִ ǵ Ѵ." ߴ. ' ' ߿伺 ϸ '(self help)' ߴ. 1850뿡 ̸ ȸ . ְ ̶ Ȯߴ.
ٸ, , ڱ ϴ å (Self-Help) 1859 Ⱓ . ״ ' 4 ' þ ļ ΰݷ(Character)(1871) ˾(Thrift)(1875) ǹ(Duty)(1880) Ͽ. ܿ ڼ ι ⸦ µ, Ƽ콼 (George Stephenson)(1875) ڵ (Lives of the Engineer)(1861) װ̴.