

Ǹ ΰ, װ λ  ǰ ִ ̴.
 å ڴ ϰ ϴ ڿ  ִ Ͱ ְ λ     ʰ, ϰ ϴ Ը   ƿ´ٴ   ش.   ģ ʹ       ־ ʿ  ˷ְ ǰ ִ ΰ ᱹ ϰ װ   ̶  Ѵ. Ǹ ΰ ΰ ּ Ư¡̸, ΰ    ̰,   ó ö     質  Ѵٰ Ѵ.
 å 2007 Ⱓ 3040 ε  Դϴ.

(Samuel Smiles, 1812~1904)
۰, ġ, θƮ, ǻ, . 1812 12 23 11  峲 Ʋ صϿ ¾.    ǻ ιƮ ν ߽ ٰ 1829,  ϱ   б кο .  ִ  ȸ   ϰ Ǿ,   ü  Ŭ ũδŬ(Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle) ȸ   ۵ ϰ ȴ. 1832 Ǵ븦   صϿ  ,  ε  Ƿ Ȱ ߴ. 
1837  Ÿ(Leeds Times) ȸ   縦 ϱ ߰,   ؿ  Ÿ  ȴ. ǻ縦 ϰ  ġ  ϱ Ѵ.  Ÿ     Ҹ ǥ߰, 뵿ڵ  ڵ ϱ  ߴ. 1840,  ű, ǥ ǥ, ȸ 3 ӱ, ű,  ڿ  Ǽű   5  ϴ ȸ 繫 Ǿ   ū   ߴ.  ƼƮ (Chartism) Ǹϰ ȴ.   忡 , Ϸ 븶 ϰ  ۰Ž ڳ    Ŀ ̴. "ܼ ġ δ ó ȸ   ִ ǵ  Ѵ." ߴ. ' ' ߿伺 ϸ '(self help)'  ߴ. 1850뿡 ̸ ȸ     .     ְ ̶ Ȯߴ. 
ٸ, , ڱ ϴ  å (Self-Help) 1859 Ⱓ   .  ״ ' 4 ' þ ļ ΰݷ(Character)(1871) ˾(Thrift)(1875) ǹ(Duty)(1880)   Ͽ.  ܿ   ڼ ι ⸦ µ,  Ƽ콼 (George Stephenson)(1875)  ڵ (Lives of the Engineer)(1861)  װ̴.